4 main global environmental issues are as follows :-
Global environmental issues affect every humans irrespective of belongs to any country or region lets understand what are the 4 main global environmental issues. world’s every country needs to be aware about these issues and take necessary action to overcome these issues so that we can save our planet in future.
Ozon layer depletion- Acid rain
- Global warming and climate change
- Loss of biodiversity
Industrial units mostly uses hydrocarbon based fuels, combustion of hydrocarbon based fuels produces by product which are responsible for air pollution. carbon dioxide (CO2), Sulphur oxide (SOx), Nitrogen oxide (NOx), Carbon mono oxide (CO), Particulate matter (dust) and hydrocarbon are the by products produced during combustion of fossil fuel as well as biomass. particulate matter mainly produces due to combustion of solid fuels like :- Cole, Lignite and biomass because solid fuels contains ash contents.
1. Ozon layer depletion :-
Before understanding about ozone layer depletion let’s aware about ozone layer
1.1 What is ozone layer :-
Ozon layer is very thin layer of ozone gas. It is important and beneficial for lives on earth, as it protects earth from ultraviolet radiation. It founds in stratosphere above 10-15 Km from earth surface. It is highly unstable, because it produced and collapse naturally in stratosphere. Ozone layer blocks only UV-B type ultraviolet radiations.
1.2 How ozone forms :-
When less than 240 nanometer wavelength ultraviolet radiations absorbed by oxygen molecules, ozone forms.
1.3 How ozone collapse :-
When greater than 290 nanometer wavelength ultraviolet radiations absorbed by ozone molecules, ozone disintegrates into oxygen molecules.
1.4 What is ozone layer depletion :-
Seasonal thinning of ozone layer mainly at the south pole of earth is known as ozone layer depletion. Chlorine and bromine components are responsible for ozone layer depletion. Ozone layer depletion initiates when Chloro Fluro Carbons (CFCs) and other ODS (Ozone Depletion Substance) reach in stratosphere by diffusion. When strong ultra violet radiation reacts with ODS, CFCs, carbon and HCFCs (Hydro Chloro Fluro Carbons) carbon-chlorine bond brakes and releases chlorine (Cl) atoms. Bromine atoms releases when strong ultra violet radiation reacts with halons and methyl bromide.
2. Acid rain:-
Whenever rain falls, rain water mixes with Sulphur oxide (SOx) and Nitrogen oxide (NOx) It forms Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and Nitric acid (HNO3), these acids falls on the earth this phenomenon is known as Acid Rain.
Main source of SOx is oil and coal combustion because it contains Sulphur content ,NOx is produced due to fuel as well as combustion air.
2.1 Effects of acid rain :-
Acid rain is very harmful for humans as well as wild life and building /structures. Acidic water causes respiratory problems, burning skin and eyes. It is also harmful to animals, trees, crops and aquatic plants. Acid rain releases metals like aluminum which washes away plant nutrients.
3. Global warming and climate change
Global warming and climate change is depends on green house gases and green house effect. let’s understand the green house gas and its effect.
3.1 Which are green house gases :-
Earth is surrounded by layer of gases. Those gases which behave like a blanket (avoid thermal conduction just like insulation) is called green house gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Ozone (O3), Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Perflurocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are man made green house gases. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrus oxide are naturally generated green house gases.
3.2 What is green house effect :-
Blanket of naturally generated green house gases in surrounding of earth’s atmosphere behaves like insulation and traps the energy emitted by earth and warms the earth, same as glass traps energy in green house. This way of warming the earth is called green house effect.
Global warming and climate change mainly occurs due to enhanced green house effect.
4. Loss of biodiversitye
